AB and PhD, Harvard University. Since January 2013, President, PIIE. Adviser to central banks, governments and global investors on macroeconomic challenges. Former Member, Monetary Policy Committee, Bank of England. Member: Council on Foreign Relations; Trilateral Commission; Bellagio Group. Author or editor of six books. Expertise: fiscal and. monetary policy, financial crises, and the economies of Western Europe, Japan and the United States.